B4 & above in O level Chinese or equivalent The course traces the migration of Chinese to Southeast Asia in the 19th century and examines their relationships and contributions to the hostland and homeland in the 20th century. It seeks to understand how Chinese migrant experiences across Southeast Asia have evolved, and how overseas Chinese identity changed in response to changing socio-economic and political conditions in Southeast Asia and China. Discussion includes such important issues as local anti-Chinese movements, development of Chinese education, changing consciousness and identities, and the relations between Southeast Asian Chinese and China. This course serves as the foundation for future courses on the overseas Chinese.